Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as neonatal RDS or infant RDS, is a common issue among premature babies. It happens because their lungs aren't fully developed, lacking enough surfactant—a substance crucial for lung function. Here’s an overview of what you should know:
Causes of Respiratory Distress Syndrome:
- Premature Birth: Babies born before 37 weeks often have underdeveloped lungs.
- Maternal Diabetes: Babies born to mothers with diabetes are at higher risk because surfactant production may be delayed.
- Caesarean Delivery: Babies born via C-section may have less exposure to hormones that help lungs mature.
Symptoms of Respiratory Distress Syndrome:
- Fast Breathing (tachypnoea)
- Grunting Sounds
- Flaring Nostrils
- Bluish Skin Colour (cyanosis)
- Difficulty Breathing (laboured breathing)
Diagnosis and Treatment:
- Physical Exam: Doctors check how the baby breathes, skin color, and oxygen levels.
- Chest X-ray: Shows how mature the lungs are and how severe the condition is.
- Treatment: Involves:
- Surfactant Replacement: Helps lungs work better.
- Mechanical Ventilation: Machines help with breathing until lungs can work on their own.
- Oxygen Therapy: Keeps oxygen levels stable.
Prognosis and Long-term Effects:
- Short-term: Most babies get better with treatment in a few days to weeks.
- Long-term: Premature babies might have other problems like chronic lung disease or delays in development.
Prevention and Management:
- Antenatal Corticosteroids: Given to at-risk moms before birth to help babies’ lungs mature.
- Neonatal Intensive Care: Special care for premature babies to support breathing and monitor health closely.
Respiratory distress syndrome is a serious issue for premature babies because their lungs aren’t fully developed. Quick diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better outcomes. New treatments like surfactant therapy and advanced care have reduced how often babies die from RDS. Close monitoring and early help can manage this hard condition well.
